After Mr. Garvey died in 1940, his successor, The Honorable James R Stewart of Cleveland, OH, wasted no time reorganizing the movement, launching the New Negro World Newspaper establishing independent farm communities and repatriating the UNIA Headquarters to Liberia, West Africa. He fiercely advocated African Independence, appealing for an African Freedom Charter in 1945 before the United Nations, supporting a host of African Repatriation Bills in the US Congress while actively establishing Divisions of the Association throughout Africa to promote the spirit of independence and Universal African Nationalism. Undoubtedly, his words and works were a driving force behind many African Leaders who religiously considered themselves Garveyites and regarded their independence as a fulfillment of the UNIA's vision of "Africa for the Africans